the preeminent philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna

Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna in the West (Persian: ; 980–June 1037 CE), 

 was the greatest Muslim philosopher and physician who flourished under the patronage of the Samanid Empire during the Islamic Golden Age.

As the founder of early modern medicine, he is frequently referred to.

His thought was derived from Aristotelianism and belonged to the Muslim Peripatetic school.

His two most well- known publications are The Book of Healing, an encyclopedia of philosophy and science, and The Canon of Medicine, an encyclopedia of medicine that was used as a standard medical text in many medieval institutions until 1650.

Avicenna's corpus also contains works on astronomy, alchemy, geography, geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, and poetry in addition to his publications on philosophy and medicine.  The majority of Avicenna's philosophical and scientific writings were written in Arabic, but he also produced important Persian- language works as well as works of poetry.

Around 240 of the 450 works he is thought to have authored remain, including 150 works on philosophy and 40 works on medicine.

He is considered as one of the Islamic Golden Age's most important philosophers, physicians, astronomers, intellectuals, and writers. 

Early Years and Education: Ibn Sina was born in the year 980 CE in the modern-day Uzbek  city of Afshana, close to Bukhara. He came from a family of scholars and showed great intelligence even at a young age. Ibn Sina memorized the Quran before beginning his formal schooling by studying Arabic language and the holy text. He advanced swiftly and gained proficiency in several subjects, including arithmetic, logic, and philosophy. Ibn Sina's most well-known contribution to medicine and philosophy was in the field of  …

 

 During the Islamic Golden Age, the polymath Ibn Sina, commonly known as Avicenna, made substantial contributions to many different realms of knowledge. His knowledge ranged across a number of fields, including psychology, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and Islamic theology. Ibn Sina had expertise in the following main areas:

Ibn Sina has considerable knowledge in the field of medicine. His most well-known creation, "The Canon of Medicine" (Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb), was a thorough medical encyclopedia that combined the medical knowledge of the day. For centuries, it was the accepted medical textbook and covered subjects including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology.

 Ibn Sina had a deep understanding of philosophy and significantly influenced the fields of metaphysics, ethics, logic, psychology, and natural philosophy. His book "The Book of Healing" These subjects were thoroughly covered in (Kitab al-Shifa), which drew upon the concepts of Aristotle, Neoplatonism, and Islamic theology.

Ibn Sina had a strong background in astronomy and made significant contributions to the subject. He wrote books including "Book of Celestial Bodies," which covered a range of astronomical topics such planetary motion, celestial mechanics, and astronomical observations. Ibn Sina made significant contributions to mathematics and demonstrated a good mastery of algebra. He wrote treatises on geometry, algebra, and arithmetic, among other topics. He added to the mathematical expertise that had been passed down from ancient Greek and Indian sources. Ibn Sina had a sophisticated understanding of psychology for his day. In his philosophical writings, he examined the nature of the human mind, emotions, and cognition. thoughts on His book "The Book of Healing" had a lengthy dissertation on the human spirit and its connection to the body, and it had an influence on succeeding scholars.

 

 Islamic Theology: Ibn Sina had a thorough understanding of Islamic theology and included it into his writings on philosophy and science. The existence of God, the nature of the soul, and divine providence were some of the theological ideas he examined.

 Ibn Sina was a multidisciplinary scholar who made significant contributions to the fields of medicine, philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, psychology, and Islamic theology.

His contributions to these fields helped to establish him as one of the most brilliant and prominent minds of his day.

 primary works :

The Medical Canon :

The Canon of Medicine (Al- Qanun fi't- Tibb),  a five- volume medical encyclopedia  written by Avicenna, is housed at UT 

 Health San Antonio. It is translated into Latin.

 Up until the 18th century, both Europe and the Islamic world utilized it as the de facto medical textbook. In unani medicine, the Canon continues to be significant.

Natural Primordium Liber:

Avicenna thought about whether certain occurrences, such as unusual diseases or disorders, have organic causes.

To support his belief that all medical phenomena have causal causes, he presented the example of polydactyly.

This understanding of medicinal phenomena was seven centuries before the Enlightenment.

 The Book of Healing

Main article: 

The Book of Healing, also known as The Cure or Assepha, is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia authored by Abu Ali ibn Sna (better known as Avicenna) in medieval Persia, close to Bukhara in Maverounnahr. Its Arabic name is Kitb al-Shif and its Latin name is Sufficientia. He probably started writing the book in 1014, finished it about 1020, and then published it in 1027.

Ibn Sina's major work on science and philosophy, which aims to "cure" or "heal" the ignorance of the soul, is this one. In contrast to Avicenna's earlier work, The Canon of Medicine (5 vols. ), which is actually about medicine, it does not deal with medicine despite its title.

Earth sciences

Avicenna wrote on Earth sciences such as geology in The Book of Healing. While discussing the formation of mountains, he explained:

Either they are the effects of upheavals of the crust of the earth, such as might occur during a violent earthquake, or they are the effect of water, which, cutting itself a new route, has denuded the valleys, the strata being of different kinds, some soft, some hard ... It would require a long period of time for all such changes to be accomplished, during which the mountains themselves might be somewhat diminished in size.

science-related philosophy

The philosophy of science was covered by Avicenna in the Al Burhan (On Demonstration) 

portion of The Book of Healing, along with a description of an early scientific process of inquiry.

Aristotle's Posterior Analytics was discussed, however he notably deviated from it on a number of occasions.

The subject of "How does one acquire the first principles of a science?" and the issue of appropriate scientific inquiry methodology were both addressed by Avicenna.

He questioned how a researcher could come to "the initial axioms or hypotheses of a deductive science without inferring them from some more basic premises?"

A "relation holds between the terms, which would allow for absolute, universal certainty," he said, describing the ideal condition as when one realizes this.

Avicenna provided two more approaches for determining the basic principles: the inspection and experimentation method (tajriba) and the classical Aristotelian induction method (istiqra).

Avicenna disapproved of the Aristotelian induction method, claiming that "it does not lead to the absolute, universal, and certain premises that it purports to provide." He created an alternative, a "method of experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry."